Critical Research on Tracking of Blood Movement in the Heart Using Elongated Horizontal Large Diamond Search Pattern and Optical Flow Technique for Enabling the Detection of Atrial Septal Defect

In major congenital heart ailments comes Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Many techniques viz. ECG, MRI,
Ultrasound etc., are in use to detect ASD. Performance of heart is analyzed by the Doctors through
test results or observations of heart Ultrasound. This paper proposes a new Elongated Horizontal
Large Diamond Search Pattern (EHLDSP) and Optical Flow algorithm for detection of ASD based on
MV. Experimentation was carried out on A4C view of 2D Echo Cardiogram, collected form the
hospitals as well as from open available database. Ground truth image is used by the cardiologist to
compare the results. In this paper, performance of the proposed Elongated Horizontal Large Diamond
Search Pattern (EHLDSP) method is compared with other techniques on the basis of cost functions
like PSNR and computation complexity. EHLDSP algorithm is used to check the pixel movements and
to calculate Motion Vector (MV), followed by the estimation of the displacement of blood cells from
either right to left or vice versa. Proposed algorithm reduces the average computation by providing
speed improvements of about 91% over FS/ES and about 6% over existing DS. Also, EHLDSP has
shown improvements in the PSNR value in comparison with other methods.