Periodontitis as Significant Comorbiditiy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder associated with the gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is a significant public health concern worldwide and has been linked to a range of comorbidities, including periodontitis. Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by an inflammatory response to bacteria living in dental plaque. This review reveals the evidence for the association between periodontitis and CKD.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study that was conducted in department of medicine at MLN Medical College India from July 2021 to June 2022 in which 50 chronic kidneys patient were included on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were taken and sent for serum interleukin-6, serum procalcitonin, serum vitamin D,CRP, serum creatinine and other relevant investigations. Clinical periodontal examination was performed and classified it by using CDC-AAP classification.

Results: Out of 50 Chronic kidney disease patients, 80% patients presented with periodontitis changes which was considered as cases while 20% patients did not show any sign of periodontitis and was considered as control. In cases percentage of severe periodontitis was found more. We also observed that increased severity of periodontitis was more associated with higher stages of CKD and that was statistically significant (p value -0.012). Inflammatory markers were found statistically significant with pocket depth of periodontitis in cases with respect to control but only serum vitamin d was statistically significant with clinical loss of attachment.

Conclusion: Therefore present review showed that maximum number of CKD patients had periodontitis changes and these changes which were showed by pocket depth and clinical loss of attachment were directly associated with increased inflammatory markers and they indirectly affect the prognosis of CKD patient and management.