Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Powders for Control of Sitophilus oryzae in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Cereals, specially rice is vital dietary staples, supplying crucial nutrients like carbohydrates for energy, dietary fiber for good digestion, proteins, vitamins for metabolism, and minerals like iron and magnesium. They serve as key sources of energy for billions globally, underpinning food security and economic stability. The rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) is a destructive pest that infests stored rice, causing extensive damage and posing threats to food availability and economic conditions. Asparagus racemosus, or Shatavari, exhibits strong pest control due to its rich phytochemical composition, including saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Cassia occidentalis, or kasundhi or coffee senna, also offers pest control through its bioactive compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and tannins. In a study, Asparagus racemosus at 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g doses showed 15%, 30%, and 70% contact toxicity and 10%, 25%, and 70% repellency against Sitophilus oryzae in rice grains. Cassia occidentalis demonstrated 25%, 45%, and 75% contact toxicity and 25%, 35%, and 65% repellency at the same doses. Untreated grains saw a 21.36% weight loss due to pests, while a 15 g dose of Asparagus racemosus reduced weight loss to 5.26% and Cassia occidentalis to 6.99%. These findings highlight both plant’s effectiveness in minimizing pest-induced grain damage.