RECENT TRENDS WITH MUTATION BREEDING IN FRUIT CROP IMPROVEMENT

Development of advanced and enhanced cultivars with desirable, suitable and adaptive characteristics by a plant breeder is based on genetic diversity. Novel breeding techniques in crop plants are developed with improvement in genetic engineering, molecular technology and it is integrated with mutation breeding to create genetic variation in complicated traits. Many targets specified changes can be done with mutation breeding comparing to conventional breeding. Recent methodologies like CRISPR Cas9 mediated mutagenesis, in-vitro mutagenesis and mutation by gamma rays are highlighted in this article. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are advanced and using these millions of mutations can be detected in the shortest time as possible, therefore considered more convenient and profitable. In addition, the combination of induced mutations and sequencing complete set of genomes which provide rigid principles for altering phenotype either by mutagenesis or by altering genes. In addition, complete information about the genome sequence of various crops can be obtained. It is possible to use targeted genome editing technology as the preferred method for constructing the desired mutations. Mutations expected to play a critical function in improving crops and ameliorating livelihood in the future an even greater role for the success of fruit breeding.