Hypothyroidism in Mother and Child during Pregnancy and Its Effect on Fetomaternal Outcome

This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to study prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant mother and autoimmunity among them. The fetomaternal outcome of the study population is also studied. Study population included 142 pregnant mothers in 3rd semester of pregnancy. fT4, TSH concentration were measured from maternal serum and cord blood. TPO antibody was estimated in maternal serum. Maternal pregnancy outcomes were measured in terms of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, as well as anaemia. The APGAR score and the baby's birth weight were used to assess fetal outcome. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was 28.87%, but Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was 18%. The incidence of adverse maternal outcome was found to be statistically significant in hypothyroid state for maternal anaemia (Hb% <10mg/dl) [odds ratio 2.32, p value = 0.0096]. Adverse foetal outcome was found to be statistically significant in hypothyroid state for the following parameters: Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) [odd ratio 2.37, p value= 0.026], Low APGAR score [odd ratio 14.25, p value < 0.0001].