Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils of Flower, Leaf, Stem and Root of Phlomis cancellata Bunge. from Mazandaran, Iran

Aims: Phlomis cancellata is an aromatic and native plant that is a member of Labiatae. Not only a traditional medicine but also the plant is considered in modern medicine and different industries because of its essential oil characteristics. The features of essential oils in aromatic plants are based on the part of plant from which they are extracted. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oils of different parts of the Phlomis cancellata were evaluated.
Place and Duration of Study: Plant was collected from its natural habitat in Mazandaran province, Iran, in July 2012, its parts were separated and then dried in laboratory (Nour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran) and essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation.
Methodology: The essential oil of P. cancellata obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS.
Results: The chemical analysis has resulted in identification of 25, 20, 11 and 2 constituents, comprising about 99.8, 97.6, 99.8 and 99.0% of the total constituents in oils of flower, leaf, stem and root, respectively; additionally sesquiterpenes hydrocarbones components (82.3, 82.6 and 89.8%, respectively) were the major components in oils of flower, leaf and stem, whereas nonterpene component (99.0%) was dominant in the oil of the plant root. The major constituents in the oil of flower of P. cancellata were tetradecane, β-(E)-caryophyllene, (E)-farnesene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D, and germacrene B; while leaf’s oil predominantly contained germacrene D, β-(E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone. Also germacrene D, β-Elemene, β-(E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene B and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone were identified as the major compounds in stem’s oil; while only two nonterpene constituents’ were identified in the root oil: linoleic acid and bicyclo [10.1.0] tridec-1-ene.
Conclusion: According to high outputting, presence of valued compounds and sesquiterpenes the most portion extracted essential oil from flowers and leaves have the best quality and are used in different industries.