The Effect of Plant-based Insecticides Contains Active Eugenol and Azadirachtin on Immune System of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

This study aims to investigate the toxicity effects of plant-based insecticides containing eugenol and azadirachtin on the immune system of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Several immunological parameters, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, stress response, and macroscopic clinical symptoms, were examined [1]. The study was conducted from September to October 2022 at the Ciparanje Inland Fisheries Hatchery, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study employed a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The observation period encompassed the measurement of red and white blood cell counts, stress response, and macroscopic clinical symptoms for the initial 14 days. Leukocyte and erythrocyte counts were assessed before and after insecticide exposure on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Data analysis involved the utilization of quantitative descriptive analysis for red and white blood cell counts. Exposure to plant-based insecticides containing eugenol and azadirachtin resulted in a suppression of the immune system in common carp fry. However, the insecticide treatment with a concentration of 64 ppm (Treatment F) remained safe for common carp. The highest count of white blood cells was observed in Treatment F (64 ppm) on day 3, while the lowest count was recorded in Treatment A (control). Treatment A (control) also exhibited the highest count of red blood cells, whereas Treatment F (64 ppm) displayed the lowest count. Thus, plant-based insecticides with a concentration of 64 ppm can still be safely utilized in common carp.