Building an adaptive brain across development: targets for neurorehabilitation must begin in infancy

Edgin, Jamie O. and Clark, Caron A. C. and Massand, Esha and Karmiloff-Smith, Annette (2015) Building an adaptive brain across development: targets for neurorehabilitation must begin in infancy. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9. ISSN 1662-5153

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Abstract

Much progress has been made toward behavioral and pharmacological intervention in intellectual disability, which was once thought too difficult to treat. Down syndrome (DS) research has shown rapid advances, and clinical trials are currently underway, with more on the horizon. Here, we review the literature on the emergent profile of cognitive development in DS, emphasizing that treatment approaches must consider how some “end state” impairments, such as language deficits, may develop from early alterations in neural systems beginning in infancy. Specifically, we highlight evidence suggesting that there are pre- and early postnatal alterations in brain structure and function in DS, resulting in disturbed network function across development. We stress that these early alterations are likely amplified by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression and poor sleep. Focusing on three network hubs (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), we discuss how these regions may relate to evolving deficits in cognitive function in individuals with DS, and to their language profile in particular.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Research Scholar Guardian > Biological Science
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email support@scholarguardian.com
Date Deposited: 18 Mar 2023 10:05
Last Modified: 22 Feb 2024 03:53
URI: http://science.sdpublishers.org/id/eprint/304

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